The science fiction literature, taken as a facet of the futurology, was interested very early in the evolution of the human societies. Utopia of Thomas Moore, with the film Welcome in Gattaca, while passing by Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, here is an outline in the various ways of considering the future of our social organizations.

When Utopia is first published in 1516, Thomas More does not certainly imagine that it has just given rise to all a new literary kind. Lawyer and adviser of the king Henri VIII, More is alerted by the state of misery which strikes the people of England. Under cover of the exhaustive description of the institutions of an imaginary island, the author proposes a "treaty of the best shape of government".

This description, by the striking, wealth of details of which it swarms by its realism and its precision: on the island of Utopia, fifty four quoted shares a common constitution; a representative assembly ensures, for all the island, the distribution of the cultivable grounds, the planning of the economy. It acts of a way of life Community, aiming at the wellbeing of all but opened to the innovation and progress.

Many literary works sought a filiation with Utopia, but none reached the degree of accuracy of which proof Thomas More made. In the field of the science fiction, many ideal companies were imagined, ignorant in the majority of the cases the idea of the happiness of the individuals who compose them: companies where the life expectancy is the same one for all, where the individuals are genetically selected as of before their birth, in particular.

The science fiction also inspired by the accounts on the future of the human societies, apart from the utopian vein: companies of the immediate future, of which the components seem extrapolated present (Cyberpunk movement), companies according to the nuclear wars, joining again with the Middle Ages (accounts post-apocalyptic) and finally, reasonable political systems (feudality, enlightened despotism and even democracy) imagined as operative under conditions different from those which we know (in particular in the context of a dissemination of humanity among many planets).